Abstract: In order to compare the fruit texture differences between different chestnut varieties, the fruit puncture test and texture profile analysis were carried out to measure the texture characteristics of 16 chestnut cultivars with a texture analyzer. The result showed that the phenotype and texture traits of chestnut fruits were significantly different.There was an extremely significant positive correlation between the three hardness parameters of puncture hardness of fruit surface, mean flesh hardness and TPA hardness, and all three hardness parameters were significantly positively correlated with the toughness, fracturability of fruit surface, and compactness of fruit. Weight and transverse diameter of single fruit were significantly negatively correlated with the fruit hardness. Principal component analysis revealed 4principal components factors from 17 indicators（the fruit phenotype and texture analyzer parameters）, including fruit hardness, chewiness, fruit size, and adhesion factors, respectively, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four principal components was 89.298%. Cluster analysis showed that these cultivars could be classified into 7 categories according to texture and phenotype indexes, and there was large differences between different categories, which indicated that these characteristic parameters could be used as evaluation indicators of chestnut germplasms resources,providing scientific basis for quality appraisal, processing and utilization and variety selection of fresh chestnut.