Abstract: Biomass ash contains amorphous silicon with chemical activity, which can be used to synthesize high value-added products. The composition and structure of biomass ash were summarized. In terms of synthesizing gels from biomass ash, the research progress in synthesizing xerogels, aerogels, and hydrogels at home and abroad in recent years was summarized. This article reviewed the research progress in the preparation of anode materials and catalyst materials for lithium ion batteries using silicon resources in biomass ash in recent years. By the application analysis of silicon resources of biomass ash, it was presented that the silicon resource in biomass ash was hopeful to be the low cost precursor of producing high value-added silicon based materials, and the development direction of resource utilization of biomass ash in industry was provided.