Abstract: In high-precision inertial navigation systems or strap-down inertial navigation gravity measurement systems, the temperature control accuracy of the quartz flexible accelerometer directly affects the navigation and gravity measurement accuracy of the system. To ensure the temperature stability of the accelerometer assembly working environment, this paper designed a temperature control system based on a thermoelectric cooler, analyzed the hardware structure and thermal characteristics of the system, and designed temperature control experiments under normal and variable temperature environments. The experiment results showed that the peak-to-peak temperature fluctuation of the accelerometer assembly is better than 0. 006 ℃ under 2-hour room temperature conditions; Under a rapidly changing temperature environment of up to 10 ℃/h, the system′s 3-hour temperature control fluctuation peak to peak is better than 0. 006 ℃,The peak to peak temperature fluctuation of the accelerometer head is better than 0. 03 ℃. Compared to when the temperature control is turned off, when the temperature control is turned on, the stability and accuracy of the meter output have been improved by 34. 2 times and 37. 6 times.The system has good robustness and temperature control accuracy, and can meet the temperature control requirements of accelerometer components in various application environments.