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减氮配施液体牛粪对寒地玉米花后期干物质积累和养分吸收转运规律的影响

Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cattle manure on dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption and translocation of maize in cold regions after anthesis

  • 摘要: 针对东北农牧交错区畜禽粪污养分资源利用率低、排放量大等问题,试验引进丹麦液体肥施用技术,设置不施氮肥(CK)、常规施肥(FP)、67.5 t·hm-2液体牛粪(N0PKM)、减氮40%配施67.5 t·hm-2液体牛粪(N1PKM)、减氮20%配施67.5 t·hm-2液体牛粪(N2PKM)共5个处理,探究减氮配施液体牛粪对寒地玉米花后期干物质积累和养分吸收转运规律的影响。结果表明,减氮配施液体牛粪有效提高玉米花后期干物质和养分积累及转运量和对籽粒的贡献率,增加作物产量,同时,降低土壤磷、钾盈余量,提高养分利用效率。其中,以N1PKM处理最佳。与常规施肥相比,N1PKM处理玉米花后期干物质积累比例提高3.50%;平均增长速率提高16.07%;氮、磷、钾在花后期特别是成熟期养分积累量分别提高10.04%、14.03%和33.33%;氮、磷转运率分别提高20.90%、59.73%;氮、磷转运量对籽粒的贡献率分别提高10.15%和42.97%;玉米产量提高5.76%;较单施液体牛粪处理相比,土壤中磷、钾素盈余量分别降低15.48%和25.05%。可见,减氮配施液体牛粪对寒地玉米生产区发酵液体粪污资源充分利用及减肥增产具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: In view of the problems of low utilization rate and large discharge of livestock manure nutrient resources in the farming pastoral area of northeast China,the field experiment introduced the Danish liquid fertilization technology and set up five treatments,no nitrogen fertilizer (CK);conventiona fertilizer (FP);67.5 t·hm-2liquid cattle manure (N0PKM);40%nitrogen reduction combined with 67.5 t·hm-2liquid cattle manure (N1PKM) and 20%nitrogen reduction combined with 67.5 t·hm-2liquid cattle manure(N2PKM),so as to explore the effects of reducing and topdressing nitrogen fertilizeron dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption and translocation of cold maize after anthesis.The results showed that nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cattle manure could effectively promote dry matter and nutrient accumulation and translocation,increase crop yield,reduce soil phosphorus and potassium surplus,and improve nutrient use efficiency.Among them,N1PKM was the best.Compared with FP,the proportion of dry matter accumulation after anthesis increased by 3.50%;the average growth rate increased by 16.07%;the nutrient accumulation of N,P and K increased by 10.04%,14.03%and33.33%after anthesis,especially at the mature stage;the translocation rates of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 20.90%and 59.73%,respectively;the contribution rate of nitrogen and phosphorus transport to grain increased by 10.15%and 42.97%,respectively;the yield of maize increased by 5.76%;compared with N0PKM,the surplus of phosphorus and potassium in soil decreased by 15.48%and 25.05%,respectively.Therefore,nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cattle manure was of great significance to make full use of fermented liquid manure resources,reduced fertilizer and increase yield of maize in cold regions.

     

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