Abstract: Identification of Aphis gossypii Glover resistance and analysis on genetic diversity of lily can provide important parental resources in lily aphid and virus resistance breeding and improve the efficiency of breeding. The 60 lily resources（11 wild species and 49 varieties） were artificially inoculated with aphids, the aphid number and its ratio were investigated from 2017 to 2019. Genetic diversity was analyzed based of fluorescently labeled SSR markers. The aphid resistance of lily could be divided into five grades in terms of aphid number ratio. Among 60 test resources, 12, 6, 4, 7 and 31 resources were highly susceptive, susceptive, moderate resistant, resistant and highly resistant. A total of 35 alleles were detected with an average of 5.8 alleles per locus with six SSR markers, the gene diversity index,polymorphism information content and Shannon’s information index ranged from 0.491 to 0.848, 0.5663 to 0.8940, 1.3759 to 2.5319, respectively, with an average of 0.647, 0.7472 and 1.9231, respectively.Genetic distance and genetic identity of accessions from different resistance groups were 0.1309 to0.5403（average value was 0.3306） and 0.5826 to 0.8773（average value was 0.7267）, respectively, the smallest genetic distance（0.1309） was found between the sensibility group and the high sensibility group. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the high resistance group and the moderate resistance group were clustered into one group and the high sensibility and sensibility groups were clustered into one group. The clustering result showed that the varieties（wild species） from five different resistance groups were divided into different groups. Through this study, the evaluation system of aphid resistance of lily resources was established, the genetic relationships of different aphid resistance resources were identified and the aphid resistance resources were screened out to provide useful reference for aphid resistance and further virus resistance breeding of lily.