Abstract: The differences of structural basis of optical information perception between poultry and human cause their differences in spectral sensitivity. This paper summarized studies on the spectral sensitivity of poultry. First, the types of photoreceptors and the mechanisms of photoreception in poultry were summarized; second, the methods of measuring spectral sensitivity of poultry, including micro-spectrophotometry, electroretinogram method, and behavioral tests, were discussed; finally, this paper discussed the existing problems of light environment demand of poultry breeding, analyzed the shortcomings of spectral sensitivity measurement methods, and put forward the prospect of future development trend. This article aimed to provide a reference for the design of light environment and potential improvement in poultry production.