Abstract: The feed contains a variety of nutrients for the growth, development and reproduction of livestock and poultry, mainly energy and protein, while other trace elements and vitamins are relatively small. Dietary energy level is an important nutrient that determines production performance and feed cost of poultry. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis plays an important role in regulating sexual maturation and reproductive behavior. This paper reviewed the effects of dietary energy levels on production performance, reproductive performance and follicular development of laying hens, as well as the relationship between HPG axis and energy balance, so as to lay a theoretical foundation and regulatory basis for the energy regulation mechanism underlying laying and reproduction.