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大豆-玉米带状复合种植田土壤处理除草剂筛选及田间应用效果评价

Screening of pre-emergence herbicides and evaluation of field efficacy in soybean-maize strip intercropping system

  • 摘要: 为筛选适用于大豆(Glycine max)-玉米(Zea mays)带状复合种植田的土壤处理除草剂,采用温室盆栽法测定砜吡草唑等11种土壤处理除草剂对玉米品种登海605、奥玉510、浚单20及大豆品种中黄13、郑1307、皖豆33的安全性,并通过田间药效试验评价砜吡草唑等单剂和混配处理对大豆、玉米安全性及对杂草防效。结果表明,在推荐剂量下,砜吡草唑、唑嘧磺草胺、嗪草酮、精异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、氟噻草胺对供试大豆及玉米均安全,噻吩磺隆和乙草胺对大豆品种郑1307抑制率较高,对其他品种大豆和玉米生长无影响。田间药效试验结果表明,药后42 d,砜吡草唑、氟噻草胺在供试推荐剂量下对稗草、马唐、青葙和铁苋菜的总鲜重防效分别为92.1%、88.9%。砜吡草唑分别与唑嘧磺草胺、氟噻草胺、嗪草酮混配,精异丙甲草胺与唑嘧磺草胺混配后,对4种杂草总株防效和总鲜重防效均达91.6%以上,其中砜吡草唑+嗪草酮165+594 g·hm-2混配时总鲜重防效为96.9%,对大豆和玉米增产率分别为19.74%和17.21%。研究结果可为大豆-玉米带状复合种植模式田土壤处理除草剂选择提供依据。

     

    Abstract: In order to screen pre-emergence herbicides, which is suitable for soybean(Glycine max)-maize(Zea mays) strip intercropping system. The safety of 11 pre-emergence herbicides on maize varieties Denghai 605, Aoyu 510, Xundan 20 and soybean varieties Zhonghuang 13, Zheng 1307,Wandou 33 was determined by the greenhouse potted plant. The safety and the control effect on weeds of single and mixed treatments on soybean and maize were evaluated by field experiments. The results showed that pyroxasulfone, flumetsulam, metribuzin, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, and flufenacet were safe to soybean and maize under the recommended dose, the thifensulfuron-methyl and acetochlor had higher inhibition on soybean variety Zheng 1307, and had no effect on the growth of other soybeans and maize. The field results showed that the total fresh weight control effects of pyroxasulfone and flufenacet on Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Celosia argentea and Acalypha australis were 92.1% and 88.9% at the recommended dose after 42 d. The total plant control effect and total fresh weight control effect of pyroxasulfone mixed with flumetsulam, flufenacet, metribuzin, and S-metolachlor mixed with flumetsulam on the four weeds were more than 91.6%, among them, the total fresh weight control effect of the mixture of pyroxasulfone+metribuzin 165+594 g·hm-2 was 96.9%, and the yield increase rates of soybean and maize were 19.74% and 17.21%, respectively. The results could provide a basis for the selection of herbicides for pre-emergence in soybean-maize strip intercropping system.

     

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