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耐盐解磷菌筛选鉴定及生理特性研究

Screening and identification of salt-resistant phosphorus bacteria and its physiological characteristics

  • 摘要: 磷是植物生长所必需营养元素,但磷元素利用效率较低,在盐碱土中表现更为突出。施用耐盐解磷微生物是提高盐碱地中磷利用率的有效方式。从黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市盐碱土壤中筛选耐盐碱解磷细菌,利用蒙金娜(PVK)培养基和溶菌肉汤(LB)培养基稀释涂布法,经多次分离纯化获得53株细菌,结合化学测定,最终获得一株解磷能力较强菌株P-W13,经透射电镜和分子生物学鉴定确定解磷细菌P-W13为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)。该菌株在培养144 h时解磷能力最强,为89.86 mg·L-1;该菌株可产生富马酸、丁二酸和丙酸,其中丙酸含量最高,其解磷能力与发酵液pH及菌株生长量之间存在极显著相关性,菌株P-W13在10%NaCl盐分浓度和p H为10时仍表现较强解磷能力;菌株P-W13产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和胞外多糖含量分别为42.10和72.55 mg·L-1;此外,菌株PW13发酵液处理的种子发芽率、芽长、根长相比对照分别提高5.68%、68.35%、94.10%。研究筛选得到的肠杆菌属P-W13菌株具有较强解磷能力、耐盐碱性和植物促生作用,研究为盐碱地改良提供微生物菌种资源。

     

    Abstract: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its utilization efficiency is low,especially in saline-alkali soil. Application of salt-tolerant and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms is an effective way to improve phosphorus utilization rate in saline-alkali soil. Saline-alkali-tolerant and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the saline-alkali soil of Qiqihaer City, Heilongjiang Province. Fifty-three strains of bacteria were isolated and purified by using the dilution and coating method of PVK medium and LB medium. Combined with chemical determination, a strain P-W13with strong phosphorus solubilizing ability was finally obtained. Through transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology identification, P-W13 was identified as Enterobacter sp. The highest phosphate solubilizing ability of the strain was 89.86 mg·L-1at 144 h of cultivation. The strain could produce fumaric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid, and the content of propionic acid was the highest. There was a significant correlation between the phosphate-solubilizing ability of the strain and the p H value of fermentation broth and the growth rate of the strain. Strain P-W13 showed strong phosphate solubilization ability even at the concentration of 10% NaCl and pH 10.The contents of IAA and EPS produced by strain P-W13 were 42.10 and 72.55 mg·L-1, respectively.In addition, the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of seeds treated with strain P-W13fermentation broth were 5.68%, 68.35% and 94.10%, respectively and higher than those of the control. The P-W13 strain of Enterobacter sp. had strong phosphate solubilizing ability, saline-alkali tolerance and plant growth promotion effect, which provided excellent microbial resource for salinealkali soil improvement.

     

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