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合丰(合交、合农、佳豆)号系列大豆品种的亲本分析

Parents Analysis of Hefeng(Hejiao, Henong and Jiadou) Series of Soybean Varieties

  • 摘要: 为深入了解合丰(合交、合农、佳豆)号系列大豆品种的亲本选用情况,本文对黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院大豆育成品种所涉及的亲本进行了分析,通过总结已往的亲本选用经验,为今后品种改良创新提供技术指导。截止到2022年,佳木斯分院共育成大豆品种119个,包括杂交大豆品种3个。涉及亲本124个,包括国内祖先亲本11个,国外亲本13个,国内直接亲本(创新种质与选育品种)100个;骨干亲本或核心亲本(育成品种≥2个)46个,一般亲本78个(育成品种1个)。其中北丰11和合丰50分别育成品种9个,满仓金育成品种7个,合丰34和合丰35分别育成品种6个,黑河45、北豆5号和HOBBIT分别育成品种5个,黑河43、合农69、合丰55、垦丰16和黑河38分别育成品种4个,秃荚子、荆山朴、克4430-20、合丰26、绥农10、华疆4号、黑河35、合农71、美国扁茎大豆、日本小粒豆和黑农54等11个亲本分别育成品种3个,黑河54、黑龙江41(俄罗斯)、合丰24、钢201、俄亥俄、绥农14、公84112-1-3、合丰39、合丰41、合丰42、合丰51、合丰57、北丰9号、九丰10、合93-793、垦农19、合农68、黑农48、克山1号、绥02-529和黑交01-1032等21个亲本分别育成品种两个。分院选用的亲本中农家品种(地方品种)占亲本总数的8.87%;自育亲本材料占亲本总数的34.68%;引自国内(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古)的亲本材料占亲本总数的46.03%;引自国外(美国、日本、俄罗斯和意大利)的亲本材料占亲本总数的10.48%。这些亲本材料包括超早熟亲本5个,极早熟亲本3个,早熟亲本42个,中早熟亲本63个,中熟亲本1个,中晚熟亲本9个,晚熟亲本1个。分析结果说明分院选用亲本来源广泛,既体现地理远缘又有生态差异,既体现遗传基础改良又有遗传多样性,既体现正宗的血统又拓宽血缘关系,保证了品种改良创新与水平提升,这一做法与经验值得推广与借鉴。

     

    Abstract: In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the parent selection of Hefeng(Hejiao, Henong and Jiadou) series of soybean varieties, this paper analyzed the parents involved in the breeding of soybean varieties from the Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and summarized the past parents. Experience is selected to provide technical guidance for future variety improvement and innovation. As to 2022, Jiamusi Branch has bred 119 new soybean varieties, including 3 hybrid soybean varieties. 124 parents were involved, including 11 domestic ancestral parents, 13 foreign parents and 100 domestic direct parents(innovative germplasm and breeding varieties); 46 important parents or core parents(bred varieties≥2), 78 common parents(1 bred variety). Among them, Beifeng 11 and Hefeng 50 has bred 9 varieties respectively; Mancangjin has bred 7 varieties; Hefeng 34 and Hefeng 35 has bred 6 varieties respectively; Heihe 45 and Beidou 5 and HOBBIT has bred 5 varieties respectively; Heihe 43, Henong 69, Hefeng 55, Kenfeng 16 and Heihe 38 has bred 4 varieties respectively; Tujiazi, Jingshanpu, Ke 4430-20, Hefeng 26, Suinong 10, Huajiang 4, Heihe 35, Henong 71, American fasciated stem soybean, Japanese small soybean and Heinong 54 has bred 3 varieties respectively; Heihe 54, Heilongjiang 41(Russia), Hefeng 24, Gang 201, Ohio, Suinong 14, Gong 84112-1-3, Hefeng 39, Hefeng 41, Hefeng 42, Hefeng 51, Hefeng 57, Beifeng 9, Jiufeng 10, He 93-793, Kennong 19, Henong 68, Heinong 48, Keshan 1, Sui 02-529 and Heijiao 01-1032 has bred 2 varieties respectively. Among the parental sources selected by the branch, the peasant varieties(local varieties) accounted for 8.87% of the total number of parents, the institution bred parent materials accounted for 34.68% of the total parents, the domestic parent materials(Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia),accounted for 46.03% of the total parents, the overseas parent materials(USA, Japan, Russia and Italy), accounted for 10.48% of the total parents. In these parent materials, 5 super early maturities, 3 extremely early maturities, 42 early maturities, 63 mid-early maturities, 1 mid maturity, 9 mid-late maturities and 1 late maturity were included. The analysis results showed that the parents selected by the branch are from a wide range of sources, are geographically distant and ecologically different, genetic basis improvement and genetic diversity, authentic lineage and blood relationship widening, which ensure the innovation and improvement of the level of variety improvement. This practice and experience is worthy of promotion and reference.

     

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