Abstract: In order to dissect the combining ability of main agronomic traits of backbone parent Zhongdou 32, nine soybean cultivars（germplasm resources） and Zhongdou 32 were selected to make 30 crosses by incomplete diallel crossing design, and ten yield and quality related traits were evaluated to assess the combining ability and genetic parameters. Combining ability analysis indicated that Zhongdou 32 showed high general combination ability（GCA） effects for main agronomic traits except for 100-seed weight and protein content, and had the highest GCA effects for number of effective branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant among all parents. Zhongdou 32 showed high specific combining abilities（SCA）, Zhongdou 32×Zheng 8516, Zhongdou 32×Zhonghuang 13, Zhongdou 32×Xinsilihuang, Zhongdou 32×Ningdou 5 and Zhongdou 32×Zhonghuang 319 had high SCA for yield related traits among 30 combinations. Genetic analysis showed that plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of effective branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, yield per plant, protein content and oil content were dominated mainly by additive effect. However, the bottom pod height was controlled by additive and non-additive effects. These results indicated Zhongdou 32 had high combining abilities, and superiority combinations could be achieved in breeding.