Abstract: Plant mutation breeding can create many excellent mutation resources. The mutants obtained by mutation can be used as new germplasm materials and provide rich resources for the cultivation of new soybean varieties. The mutant library also contributes to the study of soybean functional genome and provides genetic materials for the study of specific traits. On the one hand, this review introduced the application of mutation breeding technology in soybean growth characteristics, quality and resistance improvement breeding, and analyzed the research progress of using mutant library to mine soybean growth characteristics, quality traits and resistance related genes. On the other hand, this review introduced the application status of mutation technology combined with other biotechnology to explore target genes. Finally, this review looked forward to the application prospect of soybean mutation breeding technology in gene mining in the future, in order to use mutation breeding technology better to promote soybean genetic research and variety selection.