Abstract: In order to study the optimal plant and row arrangement of resowing soybean suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang, soybean cultivar Suinong 35, suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang, was tested in the field with three rows spacing treatments of 15 cm（H1）, 30 cm（H2）, and 45 cm（H3） and three density treatments of 525.6 thousand plants·ha^-1（M1）, 550 thousand plants·ha^-1（M2）, and 600 thousand plants·ha^-1（M3） in order to study the best plant-row configuration of re-sowing soybean suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang. And we analyzed the effects of row and plant arrangement on agronomic characteristics of the plant, leaf area index（LAI）, leaf area duration（LAD）, accumulation and distribution of dry matter in shoot, yield components, and yield. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, main stem node number, leaf shape index, LAI, LAD, and dry matter distribution ratio of pod increased gradually, the dry matter distribution ratio of stem decreased gradually, while the dry matter distribution ratio of leaf increased firstly and then decreased. H3 treatment had the highest plant height and main stem nodes, reaching 67.38 cm and 12.7 nodes, respectively, while M1 treatment had the highest stem diameter and leaf shape index, reaching 0.64 cm and 2.72, respectively. The dry matter accumulation of H1M3 treatment was the highest at growing stage R6 to R8, and the yield was the highest, reaching 6 155.8 kg·ha^-1, while the yield of H3M2 treatment was the lowest, reaching 4 142.6 kg·ha^-1. The yield of H1M3 treatment was 48.6% higher than that of H3M2 treatment, indicating that H1M3 treatment had the best effect of improving soybean yield. The results showed that the suitable plant and row arrangement for replanting soybean in southern Xinjiang is plant space of 15 cm and 600 thousand plants·ha^-1.