Abstract: With the development of economy, people have higher demand for soybean and higher quality, so it is urgent to cultivate soybean varieties with high yield, multi-resistance and high quality. Due to ecological constraints, the high-quality soybean germplasm resources are scarce and they have narrow genetic background. Furthermore the process of natural variation in soybeans is tedious and lengthy, it becomes very difficult to obtain high-quality genetic material from spontaneous mutations. Therefore, using mutagenesis technology to create new germplasm with high quality, high yield and multiple resistance is one of the effective means to develop soybean production. Compared with conventional breeding, mutation breeding technology can improve genetic variation frequency and expand the scope of the breeding selection, select high throughput beneficial mutations, promote the advantages of excellent characters restructuring. Thus, the mutant with rich characters can be obtained in a short time to solve the bottleneck problem of narrow genetic basis of germplasm resources, and it is widely used in the breeding of new soybean varieties with good characters. This paper reviewed the application mechanism, category and feature of chemical mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis, summary the common mutation methods frequently used and technical advantages in soybean germplasm innovation at home and abroad, predict the application prospect of the future application and development soybean mutagenesis breeding technology, and to provide reference for production practice in soybean.