Abstract: The situation that China′s soybean imports have broken through new highs and the import sources are highly concentrated, and the degree of dependence on import is rising, led to severe risks for the availability and stability of soybean import source, threatening China′s food security. In this paper, the dependence risk of China′s soybean import was examined both on the whole and individually, and the generation mechanism of China′s soybean import dependence risk was analyzed and examined through constructing a model. The results showed that, there were import dependency risk for China′s soybean imports from the United States and Brazil, two top source countries for China′s soybean imports, which indicated that the risk situation is severe. It is, on the one hand, due to the strong supply capacity of major soybean exporting countries, which makes it easy for China to depend highly on them, and on the other hand, due to the increasing demand for soybean imports in China, which makes the dependence risk of China′s soybean import increasing. Based on the research results, suggestions are proposed to establish a sound and comprehensive soybean risk monitoring and warning system, improve diversified soybean import layout, enhance the resilience of soybean supply chain and domestic soybean production capacity.