Abstract: This study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the oil quality of soybean germplasm resources and select excellent varieties. The fatty acid and crude fat content of 173 germplasm resources were measured by near infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The 173 germplasm resources were divided according to principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A comprehensive evaluation model of soybean oil-quality was established. The results showed there were significant differences in these quality traits. Saturated fatty acid including palmitic acid and stearic acid contents had significant negative correlations with oleic acid, and had significant negative correlations with polyunsaturated fatty acid contents including linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The crude fat content had significant positive correlations with oleic acid content, and had significant negative correlations with linoleic acid content. Two principal components were selected by principal component analysis and the soybean oil quality evaluation model was constructed to select the best soybean varieties as follows: Duomaka-Tuolisa, Zhongxing 1, Jidou 3, Gaofeng 1, and Shangdou 1201. Finally cluster analysis of 173 soybean germplasm resources was divided into 5 groups, of which the third group with outstanding performance showed the highest content of palmitic acid, inoleic acid and linolenic acid; the lowest content of oleic acid and the best oil quality of soybean. The study will provide evidence for gaining soybean varieties with higher comprehensive oil quality.