Abstract: Soybean straw is a rich renewable agricultural waste resource, which has the characteristics of wide source, large quantity, low price and short regeneration cycle. It contains high contents of crude protein, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and high C/N ratio. It is an important organic energy. It also contains K, Ca, P and other mineral elements, which has high utilization value. In the early stage, except a small amount of soybean straw used as winter feed for cattle and sheep, a large amount of soybean straw was burned in the open air, which not only caused serious air pollution and waste of resources, but also was not conducive to the recycling of biomass energy and the sustainable development of agricultural economy. At present, with the guidance and support of national policies and the deepening of straw utilization research, soybean straw has basically formed a diversified comprehensive utilization pattern of‘five materials’ as livestock feed, agricultural fertilizer, cultivation base material, industrial raw materials, fuel, etc. This paper summarizes the research status and progress of soybean straw in the application of “five materials”, puts forward and prospects the research suggestions and application prospects of soybean straw resource comprehensive utilization, in order to provide reference for the follow-up research on comprehensive utilization of soybean straw resource.