Abstract: Northeast area is the main soybean producing area in China. With the passage of planting years, the number of soybean varieties in Northeast China is increasing, and the evolution of some important agronomic traits also shows a certain trend. This trend reflects the tendency of people to choose soybean breeding and the internal relationship between soybean traits and environmental synergy. Therefore, the evolution analysis of main traits is of great significance for guiding soybean breeding research. The results showed that the average branch number of soybean varieties in the spring soybean area of Northeast China decreased with the increase of years, with the highest in the 1940 s, 3.50, and the lowest in the 2010 s, down to 0.86. The average plant height decreased firstly and then increased before the 1980 s, and then the evolution trend was relatively stable, the highest in the 2010 s（88.20 cm）, the lowest in the 1950 s（73.50 cm）. The average growth period was the largest in the 1970 s（123.86 days）, after the overall downward trend, in 2010 s fell to 116.67 days. Among the quality traits, the protein content increased only in the 1960 s and 1970 s, and decreased in other adjacent decades, reaching the highest in the 1940 s（41.40%）, in 2010 s, it dropped to 39.48%, the average fat content fluctuated greatly, with the highest in the 1940 s（21.90%）, and the lowest in the 1990 s（20.05%）. The average 100-seed weight was the highest in the 1990 s（21.03 g）, it then declined, reaching a minimum of 19.17 g in the 2010 s. The average yield increased from 1 770.00 kg·ha^-1in the 1940 s to 2 857.06 kg·ha^-1. The yield of released varieties was significantly positively correlated with growth period, plant height and 100-seed weight, and significantly negatively correlated with branch number. These results will provide important theoretical guidance for soybean breeding in Northeast China.