Ancestors Tracking and Genetic Dissection for A High Yield and Multi Resistant Soybean Cultivar Mudou 12

Mudou 12, with the characteristics of high yield, high quality and resistant to disease, was approved by Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018. In this study, the ancestral parents of Mudou 12 were traced, the pedigree tree was established, the genetic basis was revealed, and the agronomic traits of its main parents were analyzed. The results showed that Mudou 12 belonged to Silihuang cytoplasmic family, and its transmission process was Silihuang → Huangbaozhu → Manchangjin → Ke5501-03 → Suinong 3 → Heinong 33 → Heinong 41 → Mudou 12. The nuclear genes of Mudou 12 were provided by 21 ancestral parents. Among them, the highest contribution rate of nuclear inheritance was Clark 63（25%）. The breeding process of Mudou 12 can be divided into four stages. With the broadening of genetic basis and the development of breeding methods, the yield and resistance of soybean had been improved. Geographic distant germplasm with excellent resistance can be used as parents to improve resistance. The increasing of the seeds weight per plant and the pods number per plant, and the nodes number of main stem while keeping a certain range of plant height can improve the yield of soybean.