Abstract: The engine and the transmission system are the key components of helicopter, and their reliability is directly related to the flight safety of helicopter. Therefore, real-time vibration monitoring of helicopter power plant and transmission system is an important means to ensure helicopter flight safety. This paper adopts FPGA+DSP architecture concept to design and develop a real-time helicopter vibration monitoring system. Through the installation test, the vibration results collected from the key parts of the helicopter are consistent with the results of post-installation data analysis, which solves the difficult problem of real-time monitoring of vibration data with high sampling rate in flight and effectively guarantees the flight safety of helicopter. The research results provide technical support for real-time acquisition, processing and safety monitoring of high-frequency flight data of subsequent models.