Abstract: When the volcano erupts, a large amount of volcanic ash is released, which will rise to the troposphere and spread hundreds of kilometers, seriously threatening the flight safety of aircraft. The internal temperature of the engine during normal operation is far higher than the melting point of volcanic ash, so the inhaled volcanic ash will melt and cool in the turbine guide and adhere to the guide and high-pressure turbine blades, causing engine surge even shutdown. In this paper, the harm of volcanic ash to engines and the relevant data of the engine volcanic ash environmental test completed by NASA are summarizes, which provides reference for the development of testing equipment, the design of test methods, and the analysis of test results.