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有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on potato agronomic traits,yield and quality

  • 摘要: 【目的】为探明有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯生长的影响。【方法】设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、100%常规施肥(T1)、80%常规施肥(T2)、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+有机液体肥(T3)、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥(T4)、80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥+有机液体肥(T5)和80%常规施肥+固体有机肥(T6),分析不同处理对马铃薯生理特性、产量、干物质和品质的影响。【结果】有机肥部分替代化肥促进了植株地上部生长,T5处理的分枝数和块茎数较T1提高26.38%和108%。产量以T5最高,为47 729.7 kg/hm2。成熟期,T5块茎干物质质量最高。叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性T5处理较T1提高11.04%、31.63%和95.72%。T5处理块茎可溶性蛋白含量、还原糖、淀粉和VC含量均高于其他处理,对马铃薯品质影响较明显。【结论】施用80%常规施肥+固体有机肥+微肥+有机液体肥为当地马铃薯推荐施肥方法。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer on potato growth.【Method】Seven different fertilizing treatments were carried out in the study,i.e.,no fertilization (CK),100%conventional fertilization (T1),80% conventional fertilization (T2),80% conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer (T3),80%conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer (T4),80% conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer (T5) and 80% conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer (T6),followed by the analysis on physiological characteristics,yield,dry matter and quality of potatoes.【Result】The partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer promoted the above-ground growth of plants,and the number of branches and tubers in T5 treatment increased by 26.38% and 108% when compared with T1.The yield was the highest in T5,which was 47729.7 kg/hm~2.The dry matter content was the highest in tubers of T5 at maturity stage.The activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in leaves with T5 treatment were increased by 11.04%,31.63% and 95.72% when compared with T1 treatment.The soluble protein content,reduced sugar,starch and VC content in the tubes of T5 treatment were higher than those of other treatments,and the effect on potato quality was significantly different.【Conclusion】It was suggested that the fertilizer application of 80% conventional fertilization+solid organic fertilizer+micro fertilizer+organic liquid fertilizer could be recommended as the suitable method of fertilization in potato cultivation in this region.

     

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