Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of different vegetation types on the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the Qilian Mountains were investigated.【Method】 Four typical vegetation types were studied in Tianlaochi Basin of Sidalong Forest,which lived in Qilian Mountain. Through the vegetation survey and soil sampling of different vegetation types,the changes of major physical indices and chemical indices reflecting the soil quality in the soil profile were analyzed,and the soil quality of different vegetation types was evaluated by grey correlation analysis.【Result】 In the same soil layer with different vegetation,the differences of soil bulk density,total porosity and soil texture（except clay soil layer 40～60 cm） in 0～10 cm were different from 10～60cm soil layers,while the differences of soil organic carbon,hydrolyzed nitrogen and cation exchange capacity in 0～20 cm were different from 30～60 cm soil layers. The differences of these indices in 30～60 cm soil layers were consistent. The difference of soil mass water content in different soil layers was consistent. The variation of soil available phosphorus in different soil layers was not obvious. In different soil layers of the same vegetation,the content of soil available K in dry steppe first increased and then decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil bulk density,powder and clay with the increase of soil depth size increasing,but mass soil moisture content,total porosity and sand grain and hydrolysis of organic carbon,nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,electrical conductivity,cation exchange capacity are size and decreases with the increase of soil depth its content,but the difference between different soil layer significantly different. The correlation values of 0～60 cm soil profile depth of different vegetation types were as follows: Picea crassifolia forest（0. 759 4） ＞ shrubbery（0. 742 6） ＞ Sabina przewalskii forest（0. 696 4） ＞steppe（0. 694 5）.【Conclusion】 Among the four typical vegetation types,the vegetation type with the best soil quality was Picea crassifolia forest,followed by scrub,then Sabina przewalskii forest,and the steppe was the worst. The results can provide theoretical basis for classification management of different vegetation types in the Qilian Mountains..