Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate green cultivation techniques for achieving high grain yield and quality of oilseed flax in dryland conditions.【Method】A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three different fertilizers （i.e.,chicken manure,sheep manure and chemical fertilizer） on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter,as well as the grain yield and quality of oilseed flax in dryland.Two varieties,Longya 10 and Dingya 23,were used as experimental materials,with a control group receiving no fertilizer.【Result】The results demonstrated that organic fertilizer significantly promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground parts of oilseed flax,from the budding stage to the kernel stage.It also coordinated the distribution of dry matter in various organs.Specifically,the application of 16,071 kg/hm~2 sheep manure as a basal fertilizer significantly increased the distribution of dry matter in flowers and fruits of flax at the maturity stage.This increase was 3.72%,9.59%,and24.42%higher compared to chemical fertilizer,chicken manure,and the control group,respectively.In both growing seasons,the grain yield of oilseed flax followed the order of chemical fertilizer＞sheep manure＞chicken manure＞control.The grain yield with sheep manure was significantly higher than that with chicken manure,chemical fertilizer,and the control group by 30.46%,5.62%,and 37.02%,respectively.Additionally,the application of organic fertilizer significantly improved the quality of flax seeds by increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids.Specifically,under the treatment of 16,071 kg/hm~2 sheep manure,the linolenic acid content of Longya 10 flax seeds increased significantly by 4.71%to 19.74%compared to chemical fertilizer.No significant differences were observed in grain yield and quality between the two varieties under different fertilization treatments in both growing seasons.【Conclusion】The basal application of 16,071 kg/hm~2 sheep manure altered the accumulation of carbohydrates in flax seeds,promoted the distribution of dry matter in reproductive organs,and consequently improved grain yield.It also facilitated the conversion of carbohydrates to fat and increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds.This cultivation technique is therefore recommended for achieving high yield and high-quality oilseed flax in dryland conditions.