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减量施氮对河西灌区春小麦光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of reduced nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat in Hexi irrigation area

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】研究减量施氮对小麦光合特性及产量的影响，探讨不同氮肥施用下小麦光合特性和产量的关系。【方法】以河西灌区春小麦为研究对象，通过田间试验，设置N1（常规施氮量，300 kg/hm2）、N2（氮肥减量10%,270 kg/hm2）、N3（氮肥减量20%,240 kg/hm2）、N4（氮肥减量30%,210 kg/hm2）4个氮水平，测定小麦生长特性、叶绿素含量、光合特性和产量。【结果】随着氮肥施用量的减少，小麦叶面积指数（LAI）呈降低趋势，N3、N4处理比N1处理显著降低6.69%、7.14%，但N1和N2处理无显著差异；随着氮肥施用量的减少，小麦叶片净光合速率（P_n）和叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）呈先增加后降低的趋势，在N2处理最大，P_n分别比N3、N4处理显著提高10.04%、13.17%,Tr分别比N1、N3和N4处理显著提高9.32%、15.37%和23.56%；叶片胞间CO2浓度（Ci）也呈先增加后降低的趋势，在N3处理最大，叶绿素含量（SPAD）和叶片气孔导度（Gs）呈降低趋势，N3、N4处理分别比N1处理显著降低8.08%、17.41%和10.32%、13.76%，但N1和N2处理无显著差异；小麦穗粒数、穗数和产量随着氮肥施用量的减少呈先增加后降低趋势，产量在N2处理最大，比N1、N4处理显著提高10.71%、7.91%，比N3处理提高2.52%。相关分析表明，小麦光合特性与产量呈正相关关系，表明高效的光合特性是小麦获得高产的基础。【结论】在本试验条件下，减氮10%，即270 kg/hm2是河西灌区春小麦高产稳产的最佳施氮量。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing nitrogen application on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat and explore the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in the Hexi irrigation area using spring wheat as the research subject.Four nitrogen levels were set:N1 （conventional nitrogen rate,300 kg/hm~2）,N2 （10%reduction,270 kg/hm~2）,N3 （20%reduction,240 kg/hm~2）,N4 （30%reduction,210 kg/hm~2）.The growth characteristics,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of wheat were determined.【Result】The leaf area index （LAI） of wheat in N3 and N4 levels decreased by 6.69%and 7.14%respectively compared to the N1 level,but there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 levels.With the reduction of nitrogen application,the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） of wheat leaves initially increased and then decreased.The highest values were observed in the N2 level,which were 10.04%and 13.17%higher than those in the N3 and N4levels,and 9.32%,15.37%,and 23.56%higher than those in the N1,N3,and N4 levels respectively.The intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） of leaves also followed a similar trend,with the maximum observed in the N3 level.The SPAD value and stomatal conductance （Gs） of leaves in the N3 and N4 levels significantly decreased by 8.08%,17.41%,and 10.32%,13.76%respectively compared to the N1 level,but there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 levels.The grain number per spike,spike number,and yield of wheat initially increased and then decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application.The highest yield was observed in the N2 level,which was 10.71%and 7.91%higher than those in the N1 and N4 levels,and2.52%higher than that in the N3 level.Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield,indicating that efficient photosynthetic characteristics were the basis for high wheat yield.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions,reducing nitrogen application by 10%,specifically 270 kg/hm~2,was found to be the optimal nitrogen application rate for achieving high and stable yield of spring wheat in the Hexi irrigation area.

     

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