Abstract: 【Objective】 The study aimed to clarify the effect of companion plants on pepper in order to lay a theoretical basis for companion cultivation of pepper.【Method】 With ‘Ledu Chang Chili’ as the test material,the study set up five cultivation treatments,i. e.,four companion cultivations of pepper with wheat（X）,chives（J）,garlic（S） and green onions（C）,respectively,and the peppers alone（CK）,measuring the variations in soil nutrient contents and the growth and development,quality,yield of the peppers under different companion treatments.【Result】 The garlic companion treatment（S） could significantly promote the height and stem thickness of the pepper plants. Compared with the CK,all companion treatments decreased the dry matter accumulation of pepper plants,and the magnitude of decrease was the lowest for S treatment and the root activity under the treatment was the highest. As for pepper fruit quality,the different companion cultivations had different effects on it,among which the companion treatment with wheat（X） and onion（C） increased the soluble sugar content in pepper fruits. All companion treatments significantly increased the content of VC in pepper fruits. S treatment significantly increased the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits. In terms of pepper yield,the companion treatments with chives,garlic and onion significantly increased the yield per plant of the pepper. With respect to the rhizosphere soil,the companion treatments of garlic and onion significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil of the pepper plants,and the treatments with wheat significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of pepper plants,and all companion treatments reduced the pH of rhizosphere soil. Through the Principal Component Analysis,eleven large eigenvector indexes were selected,followed by the comprehensive analysis with the membership function,and their comprehensive ranking was S＞C＞X＞CK＞J.【Conclusion】 The companion with garlic could overall promote the growth of pepper plants and improve their rhizosphere environment.