Abstract: 【Objective】 By analysing the transcriptome data of the stolons and new tubers,to identify the genes involved in tuber formation and to explore the molecular mechanism of tigernut tuber formation.【Method】 Using stolons and new tubers as the research objects,transcriptome comparative analysis was used to excavate the formation-related genes of tubers and enrich the metabolic pathway of KEGG.【Result】 Compared with unexpanded stolons,2126 differentially expressed genes were screened,283 DEGs were up-regulated and 1843 DEGs were down-regulated in expanded new tubers. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in embryo development leading to seed dormancy,cell division,nucleus,chloroplast and GTPase activity. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signaling,starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Genes related to plant hormone signaling（auxin response factor ARF11,Scarecrow 2-like protein SCR,LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinase At2g24230） were down-regulated in new tubers. Meanwhile,genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism（glucan endo-1,3-glucosidase At2g27500,isoamylase 2,chloroplastic ISA2,pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At1g71460） were also down-regulated in new tubers. These genes may be involved in tuber formation.【Conclusion】 Transcriptome analysis of new tubers and stolons revealed the genes involved in tuber formation and metabolic pathways,providing a theoretical reference for elucidating the molecular mechanism of tuber formation.