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不同施肥处理对当归土壤养分变化的影响

Effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrient changes in Angelica sinensis

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】探明不同施肥处理对当归土壤养分变化的影响，为当归合理施肥和生态种植提供科学依据和重要参考。【方法】在化肥、生物菌肥和有机肥的基础上设置7个不同处理T1（磷酸二铵750 kg/hm2）、T2（生物菌肥2250 kg/hm2）、T3（生物菌肥2 250 kg/hm2+有机肥6 000 kg/hm2）、T4（有机肥12 000 kg/hm2）、T5（有机肥18 000 kg/hm2）、T6（有机肥24 000 kg/hm2）和T7（有机肥30 000 kg/hm2），以不施肥为对照（CK），收获期测定当归种植后土壤养分（全N、全P、全K、速效N、有效P、速效K、有机质和pH值）的变化。【结果】不同施肥处理对当归种植后土壤养分变化具有显著影响。不施肥CK处理下碱解N、有效P、全K和速效K分别降低66.5%、63.1%、0.85%、12.3%;T1处理有机质降低17.6%，但不利于N、P和K吸收；T2处理全N、全K、速效K和有机质分别降低17.3%、4.98%、52.1%、5.29%，但不利于全P和有效P吸收；T3处理全N、全P、有效P、速效K和有机质分别降低17.5%、11.5%、60.4%、7.16%、14.8%；随着单一有机肥施用量增加（T4～T7），整体呈现全N和碱解N降低量减少，而全P、有效P、全K、速效K和有机质显著降低。CK、T4～T7处理pH值增加，而T1～T3处理降低。【结论】T3处理（生物菌肥2 250 kg/hm2+有机肥6 000 kg/hm2）最有利于当归对土壤养分的吸收利用，可以在种植栽培中推广应用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To elucidate the effect of different fertilizers on soil nutrients and uptake of Angelica sinensis,and to provide a scientific basis and important reference for rational fertilization and ecological planting of A.sinensis.【Method】Seven different fertilizersT1 （diammonium phosphate 750 kg/hm~2）,T2 （bacterial manure 2 250 kg/hm~2）,T3（bacterial manure 2 250 kg/hm~2+organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/hm~2）,T4（organic fertilizer 12 000 kg/hm~2）,T5 （organic fertilizer 18 000 kg/hm~2）,T6（organic fertilizer24 000 kg/hm~2） and T7 （organic fertilizer 30 000 kg/hm~2）were designed on the basis of chemical fertilizer,bacterial manure and organic fertilizer without fertilization as the control （CK） and the soil nutrients （total N,P and K,alkali-hydro N,available P and K,soil organic matter and pH value） were determined at the harvest stage.【Result】There were significant effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrient changes of A.sinensis.The alkali-hydro N,available P,total K and available K decreased by 66.5%,63.1%,0.85%and12.3%respectively under the CK.The soil organic matter decreased by 17.6%while the N,P and K were opposite under T1 treatment.The total N and K,available K and soil organic matter decreased by 17.3%,4.98%,52.1%and 5.29%respectively while the P was opposite under T2 treatment.The total N and P,available P and K,and soil organic matter decreased by 17.5%,11.5%,60.4%,7.16%and 14.8%under the T3 treatment,respectively.In general,the uptake of total N and alkali-hydro N were significantly decreased,while the uptake of total P and K,available P and K,and soil organic matter were significantly increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application （T4 to T7）.The pH value increased in the CK,T4 to T7 treatments,while it decreased in the T1 to T3 treatments.【Conclusion】The T3 treatment （bacterial manure 2 250 kg/hm~2+organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/hm~2） is the most favorable for to the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by A.sinensis,which can be promoted and applied in the planting and cultivation of A.sinensis.

     

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