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5株外源嗜热固氮菌对堆肥碳氮损失及其细菌群落的影响

Effects of 5 strains of exogenous thermophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on carbon and nitrogen losses and bacterial community in composting

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】减少堆肥过程中碳氮损失，提高堆肥质量。【方法】本研究通过添加5株外源嗜热固氮菌株，设置6个处理分别为：CK（不添加外源固氮菌）、A1（根癌异根瘤菌）、A2（亮杆菌）、A3（头状葡萄菌）、B1（液化沙雷菌）和B2（蜡样芽孢杆菌）进行堆肥，研究外源嗜热固氮菌对堆肥碳氮损失、养分含量和细菌微生物群落的影响。【结果】5株外源嗜热固氮菌均减少了堆肥中碳氮损失，提高了养分含量。A1、A2、A3、B1、B2与CK相比碳氮损失分别减少了38.74%、26.99%、33.09%、28.75%、34.35%和25.23%、11.20%、22.58%、20.77%、20.51%，氮含量增加了279.15%、42.74%、344.31%、277.51%、1.42%；磷含量增加了49.21%、16.19%、51.33%、24.26%、58.90%；全钾含量增加了27.76%、17.41%、16.35%、11.80%、29.12%；有机质增加了31.41%、20.56%、27.15%、30.19%、26.61%，总体上A1>A3>B1>A2>B2。细菌群落结构演替表明，A1和B1菌株的丰度在堆肥过程中始终高于对照处理。外源固氮菌均显著提高了堆肥中土著固氮细菌Pseudomonas（假单胞菌属），Sphingobacterium（鞘氨醇杆菌属）、Saccharomonospora（糖单孢菌属）、Planifilum（直丝菌属）和Bacillus（芽孢杆菌属）等的相对丰度，降低具有反硝化能力的Acinetobacter（不动杆菌属）、Corynebacterium（棒状杆菌属）和Halomonas（盐单胞菌属）等的丰度。KEGG分析表明，外源固氮菌剂影响氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和次生代谢产物的生物合成功能基因。【结论】A1和B1菌株能够较好地在堆肥中定殖，具有开发固氮菌生物有机肥的潜力；添加外源固氮菌均可通过影响优势微生物群落及氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢等功能基因抑制堆肥过程中的碳氮代谢，提高养分含量，减少堆肥过程中碳氮损失。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To reduce the loss of carbon and nitrogen during composting and improve the quality of the compost.【Method】This study investigated the effects of 5 strains of exogenous thermophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on carbon and nitrogen losses,nutrient content and the bacterial microbial community of composting using 6 treatments:CK （without exogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria）,A1 （Allorhizobium tumefaciens）,A2 （Leucobacter sP.4J7B1）,A3 （StaPhylococcus caPitis）,B1 （Serratia liquefaciens） and B2 （Bacillus cereus）.【Result】5 strains of exogenous thermophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduced the carbon and nitrogen losses in compost and increased the nutrient content.A1,A2,A3,B1,B2 compared with the control,the losses of carbon and nitrogen decreased by 38.74%,26.99%,33.09,28.75,32.25%and 25.33%,11.20%,22.25%,20.77%,20.51%,respectively;the nitrogen content increased by 279.15%,42.74%,344.31%,277.51%,1.42%;phosphorus increased by 49.21%,16.19%,51.33%,242.26%,58.90%;potassium increased by 27.76%,17.14%,15.36%,11.80%,29.12%;and organic matter increased by31.41%,20.56%,27.15%,30.19%,25.61%.In general,A1＞A3＞B1＞A2＞B2.The succession of the bacterial community showed that the abundance of A1 and B1 strains was always higher than that of the control.Exogenous nitrogen-fixing bacterial agents significantly increased the relative abundance of indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria in composting,such as Pseudomonas,SPhingobacterium,SaccharomonosPora,Planifilum and Bacillus,and decreased the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria,such as Acinetobacter,Corynebacterium and Halomonas.KEGG analysis showed that exogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria affected functional genes involved in amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis.【Conclusion】It can be seen that A1 and B1 strains can colonize well in composting,which has the potential to develop nitrogen-fixing bacteria as bioorganic fertilizer.The addition of exogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria can inhibit carbon and nitrogen metabolism during composting by influencing dominant microbial communities and functional genes such as amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism,improve nutrient content and reduce carbon and nitrogen loss during composting.

     

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