Abstract: The superhydrophobicity of material surface is depended on the combination of low surface-energy substances and micro/nano rough surface structure. This plays an important role in adsorption, self-cleaning materials, corrosion resistance, and low dragging coatings fields. Cellulose is a renewable biomaterial with good mechanical property, flexibility and permeability. The physical and chemical modification on cellulose can change the surface property to achieve desired superhydrophobicity, which significantly extends the application of cellulose. In this review, the research developments of constructing superhydrophobic cellulose-based materials were summarized. The dipping, spraying, grafting, vapor deposition and hydrothermal method for the modification of cotton, filter paper and microspheres were described in detail.