Abstract: Balikun horse breed, native to Hami city, is one of the three well-known horse breeds in Xinjiang Province. The origin, distribution, production area status, quantity change, production performance, common diseases and feeding and management, etc. of Balikun horses were summarized in this paper. Based on the restrictive factors for sustainable development of Balikun horse, the corresponding countermeasures for preservation and industrialization of Balikun horse breed were suggested in order to provide references for the protection and utilization of Balikun horse genetic resources.