Abstract: In order to accurately understand the life habits, reproductive performance and degree of hazards of the plateau voles（Pitymys irene） in the natural grassland of the alpine pastoral area, the plateau vole area in Yushu city, Qinghai province was monitored from 2019 to 2021. The methods of field observation and 24-hour infrared camera shooting were adopted to observe and measure the destruction of grassland vegetation by the plateau voles and their feeding habits, reproductive performance and activity habits. The results showed that: 1) The average number of effective holes of the plateau voles was 2 298/hm~2 with a density of 167 heads/hm~2. The feed intake of plateau voles is relatively small, and the average daily intake of adults is 38 g. Among the 30 plants identified on the grassland, 23 are the food sources for plateau voles whose preferred plants are Poa pratensis, Astragalus multiflora and Carex heterophylla. Plateau voles feed on leaves, stems, flowers, seeds and roots of plants, especially on fresh and juicy parts. 2) Plateau voles have strong fecundity, they breed once a year, and each litter produces 2 to 7 litter.The peak reproductive age is ＞0.5 to 1.0 years old, the pregnancy rate of female mice is 36.2%, the litter ratio is 0.9%, and the average litter size is 4.9 pieces. The proportion of females in the population of plateau voles is 52.5%, and the average life span is 14 month. 3) The plateau voles’ behave mostly in the daytime when they forage on the ground, collect food, clean their fur, swim or sit quietly for a short time from 05:30 to 21:40. In the southern Qinghai province, the grass returns to green in late May every year when is the breeding period for plateau voles which may be outside for 8.3 h the most; In summer, the plateau vole may have a shorter time of being outside for 7.3 h during blossoming period of grasses; From October to May of the following year, the plateau voles are in diestrus and their being-outside time decreased significantly for about 4.7 h.