Abstract: As a common heavy metal element present in areas with severe industrial pollution, hexavalent chromium can readily accumulate in the environment. Hexavalent chromium present in soil and water can access the human body through skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract and other routes, and its physiological toxicity can affect many systems, including the skin mucosa, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system. Hexavalent chromium has high toxicity and carcinogenicity, potentially leading to diverse metabolic disorders and tissue damage, thereby severely impairing the human and animal fitness. This review outlines the basic properties of hexavalent chromium, its induced damage to male fertility and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the corresponding therapy strategies, which lays the theoretic groundwork for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility caused by environmental heavy metal toxicants.