Abstract: In order to develop a rational method for the treatment of clinical neurodegenerative diseases and break through the bottleneck of translating clinical assay into clinical practice, the experiment was conducted by using a single small molecule compound Forskolin to regulate and reprogram mouse fibroblasts into neurons which were detected with RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. The results showed that the induced neurons showed typical neurological morphology. The expression of neuron-related genes was up-regulated, and the expression of fibroblast-related genes was down-regulated. The expression of neuron-related proteins TUJ1 and MAP2 were positive. The results indicated that Forskolin substitute transcription factor could be used to achieve direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into neurons in vitro and avoid the risk of oncogenic disease caused by foreign genetic intervention in clinical treatment.