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提高肉牛人工授精受胎率的技术措施

Technical measures to improve the conception rate of beef cattle artificial insemination

  • 摘要: 伴随着黑龙江省“两牛一猪”项目的推进,黑龙江肉牛产业得以迅速发展,人工授精技术在肉牛养殖过程中逐渐变成了最主要的繁殖技术之一。肉牛人工授精是指人为地使用特殊的器械采集公牛的精液,经过技术处理、保存后,借助器械在母牛发情时期将精液注入子宫内,以达到受孕的目的。人工授精受胎率的高低直接影响养殖者的经济收入,受胎率的高低与多种因素有关。文章主要从母牛体况、母牛健康、母牛营养、精子活力、精液贮存、输精时间、器械卫生、冻精解冻、配种操作等方面介绍了提高人工授精受胎率的技术措施,这些措施对提高肉牛人工受胎率都有明显的作用,希望为广大肉牛从业者提供借鉴。

     

    Abstract: With the promotion of the “two cattle and one pig” project in Heilongjiang province, the beef cattle industry has been developing rapidly in Heilongjiang province, and artificial insemination(AI) has gradually become one of the most important breeding techniques in the beef cattle breeding. Artificial insemination in beef cattle refers to the pregnancy control technology in which semen with living sperms is collected from the bulls and introduced into the uterus at proper time of the estrus period of cows with the help of instruments to bring about impregnation in cows. The AI conception rate directly affects the financial returns of breeders, and is impacted by many risk factors. This paper mainly introduces the technical measures to improve AI conception rate from the perspectives of cow body condition, cow health, cow nutrition, sperm motility, semen storage, AI time, equipment hygiene, frozen semen thawing, AI handling, etc., which have proved to effective in improving the AI conception rate in the beef cattle, so as to provide a reference to the beef cattle practitioners.

     

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