Abstract: The process of mammalian egg fertilization involves recognition and fusion of highly specialized sperm and eggs produced by meiosis, during which, the recognition of the zona pellucida and plasma membrane of sperm and egg is essential for the completion of normal fertilization. Under normal conditions, a spermatozoon and an oocyte would undergo specific recognition and then fuse to form a syncytium and complete a series of transformations that would initiate the development of a new individual. The passage of multiple sperm through the zona pellucida and plasma membrane of the egg could result in the phenomenon of multiple sperm entering the egg, eventually, the failure of embryonic development.Therefore, specific recognition between sperm surface proteins and egg zona pellucida glycoproteins and plasma membrane proteins before sperm-egg fusion is crucial to ensure normal fertilization and prevent multiple sperm from entering the egg.This paper summarized the proteins responsible for the specific recognition between sperm and egg zona pellucida proteins and plasma membrane and the related mechanisms, and discussed the roles of cortical reaction, zona pellucida reaction and yolk membrane reaction in removing the corresponding specific proteins of the egg, with a view to providing theoretical support and new ideas for the development of the in vitro fertilization technology of domestic animals.