Abstract: With the proposal and development of the new agricultural science concept, China’s higher agricultural education faces new opportunities and challenges. As an important component of the agricultural system, aquaculture major education is required to actively carry out curriculum reform to adapt to the development requirements of the new era. This article described the current situation of aquaculture professional course teaching and the author’s practice to explore the role of teaching content improvement, innovative teaching methods and strengthening practical teaching in cultivating students’ comprehensive abilities under the new situation. Moreover, the measures of promoting the construction of practical courses based on ‘specialty and innovation integration’ and advocating technical training, experience exchange and capacity improvement of teaching teams through in-depth cooperation with enterprises were proposed, aiming to provide reference for improving the quality of aquaculture professional talent cultivation.