Research progress of out-of-season reproduction in geese

The reproduction of geese is characterized by obvious seasonality, short laying period and strong nesting. Different breeds also exhibit large variations in breeding seasonalities. To improve the breeding benefits of breeding geese and goslings reserve, such out-of-season breeding techniques as artificial nutrition regulation, forced molting and adjust light time have been practiced in many regions of China, showing the laying during out-of-season breeding, which further improved the reproductive performance, fertility rate and economic benefits of rearing geese, and also alleviated the situation of insufficient supply of goose seedlings in the market during the out-of-season period. This paper mainly expounds the research progress of out-of-season reproduction characteristies in geese, with an intention of providing a reference for further developing breeding management technology and improving the out-of-season reproduction performance in geese in the future.