Diagnosis of fetus mummification and fetus maceration in dairy cows

The occurrence of fetus mummification and fetus maceration in dairy cows is very low in veterinary clinical practice. During the diagnosis of difficult-to-be-pregnant cows in several cattle farms in southern and northern Xinjiang, four cases of fetus mummification and two cases of fetus maceration were diagnosed. The procedure of diagnosis included the history investigation, clinical symptoms observation, rectal examination, vaginal examination, and ultrasonography. The sonographic features of fetus mummification and maceration were highlighted, and the etiologies were discussed in this paper.