Abstract: Organic solid waste has dual attributes of resourcefulness and harmfulness. If not disposed of properly, it will not only cause pollution of the ecological environment, but also led to waste of resources. Hermetia illucens is a type of diptera insect widely distributed in the world, which can feed on organic solid waste and convert it into insect body protein and fat. The remaining frass can be used as organic fertilizer. At present, more and more attention have been paid to the biotransformation technology of treating organic solid waste with H. illucens. Researchers have carried out a lot of research on the treatment of organic solid waste and its resource value of the black soldier fly. This paper reviewed the research progress of using black flies to treat organic solid waste, the resource value of black flies and industrial applications in recent years, and made a prospective for future research and development directions.