Abstract: Rice is an important grain crop in our country,and it is also the first choice for improving saline-alkali soil.It is the premise and important guarantee to clarify the mechanism of rice saline-alkali tolerance for improving the ability of rice saline-alkali tolerance.This paper summarized the response of rice to saline-alkali soil.In order to improve the ability of saline-alkali tolerance of rice,it is the premise and important guarantee to clarify the mechanism of saline-alkali tolerance of rice.In this paper,the response of rice to saline-alkali stress in cold region was summarized,and the physiological mechanism of saline-alkali tolerance in rice was summarized,the changes of proline accumulation,soluble sugar content,relative conductivity membrane,membrane lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll content in rice under saline-alkali stress were studied.In this paper,we put forward to explore the germplasm resources of saline-alkali tolerant rice in cold region,and apply the conventional breeding techniques and molecular breeding techniques to the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant rice in cold region.