Abstract: Our country northeast black soil area is broad, is an important production area of grain in our country. Black soil area contains black soil, chernozem soil, meadow soil and other soils. In order to further study the soil properties of black soil area and realize the strategy of protecting black soil area according to local conditions, black soil and meadow soil of cultivated and non-cultivated land in different areas of Daqing City and Suihua City were collected, and six physical and chemical property indexes of 22 site soil samples were analyzed through experiments. The results showed that the pH of cultivated land was generally lower than that of non-cultivated land in the 11 sampling areas, and the pH of cultivated land in Zhaoyuan area was 7.81, which was 1.35 lower than that of non-cultivated land. In the dry matter content, except Honggang area, the dry matter content of cultivated land decreased to a certain extent, and the dry matter content of Wangkui area decreased by 1.87% at most. The organic carbon content in all cultivated land was higher than that in non-cultivated lend. The highest organic carbon content in Datong cultivated land was 67.67 g·kg^-1, which increased by 25.26 g·kg^-1 compared with non-cultivated lend. The content of total nitrogen in cultivated land was lower than that in non-cultivated land, and the highest content in non-cultivated land was 3 699.11 mg·kg^-1 in Suiling, which was 1 520.28 mg·kg^-1 lower than that in cultivated land. The content of total P and total K in cultivated land was higher than that in non-cultivated land. In conclusion, long-term chemical fertilizer application had resulted in significant enrichment of P and K elements in the soil in this area, and obvious soil acidification and soil compaction to a certain extent. The local government should adjust its policies in time to encourage farmers to apply organic fertilizers to alleviate the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties.