Abstract: In order to explore the differences between two varieties of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.and better develop and utilize them, this study used the Hongfeng pear and Zaohuang pear mature fruits of P. ussuriensis as test materials, and the methods such as significance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze the differences in fruit quality between the two different varieties of P. ussuriensis. The results showed that there were differences in fruit appearance, flesh flavor, fruit aroma, and juice content between the two pear varieties; In terms of appearance quality, the fruit weight of Hongfeng pear was 212.96 g, the transverse diameter was 75.49 mm, the longitudinal diameter was 70.25 mm, and the stem length was 36.48 mm. These four indicators reached 171.13%, 119.33%, 121.29%, and 113.19% of that of Zaohuang pear, respectively. However, the fruit hardness of Hongfeng pear was significantly lower than Zaohuang pear, which was 79.37% of that of Zaohuang pear. Therefore, compared to early yellow pear, Hongfeng pear had a larger fruit shape, heavier fruit, and softer flesh, making it suitable for consumers who prefer large and soft fruits to choose; In terms of nutritional composition, the content of soluble solids, soluble sugars, and mineral elements in Hongfeng pear was significantly higher than that in Zaohuang pear, with soluble solids content of 11.10% and mineral element content of 3 748.49 mg· kg^-1, while the soluble sugar content was 124.61 mg·g^-1,reached 206.89% of the soluble sugar content in Zaohuang pear. The four morphological indicators of fruit, including single fruit weight, fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit hardness, showed significant correlation with soluble sugars, soluble solids, vitamin C, and mineral elements, and extremely significant correlation with titratable acids. In terms of mineral element content, the content of Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe and the total content of 12 mineral elements in the flesh and skin of Hongfeng pear were higher than those of Zaohuang pear. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the fruit quality of the two varieties, it can be concluded that the fruit quality of Hongfeng pear is better than that of Zaohuang pear, and it is more suitable for development and utilization in production.