Abstract: Hypocotyls are the vascular plant sex organs in the lower cotyledons, which connect the roots and cotyledons of plant seedlings. They are important pathways for nutrient and signal transport during seed germination and emergence. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in the research of hypocotyl development, cytological mechanism, factors affecting hypocotyl development and molecular regulatory networks in vascular plant, as the first key stage of plant growth and development, hypocotyl growth is affected by many internal and external factors, such as light, temperature, hormones, and is also regulated by complex gene networks and signals. At present, great progress has been made in the study of the regulation mechanism of hypocotyl growth, but the research on the regulation network of different factors is limited, using molecular biology and genetics methods to carry out multi-omics research is beneficial to further explore the mechanism of hypocotyl growth.