Abstract: The change of the quantity and quality of cultivated land is directly related to the national food security. Hailun City is a typical black soil area in the middle and thick layer, and is an important commodity grain county in Heilongjiang Province. In order to reveal the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of cultivated land quality in Hailun City, a typical black soil demonstration area in Northeast China, in this study, the remote sensing images of Landsat series satellites were used to conduct a long time series analysis of eight periods every five years, and a cultivated land quality evaluation method based on Pressure-State-Response（PSR） model was established. The analytic hierarchy process was applied to assign weights to each evaluation index. The quantitative evaluation of the evaluation factors was realized by combining the expert score and linear interpolation method. Finally, the spatial weight of each evaluation factor was superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of cultivated land quality in Hailun City from 1985 to 2020. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Hailun City in 1985 was better than that in other years, the area of cultivated land in Grade 1, 2 and 3 decreased, and the area of cultivated land in grade 5 increased significantly. The quality of cultivated land in the eastern part of Hailun City was higher than that in the western part. From 1985 to 2020, the Grade 4 and 5 cultivated land was mainly distributed in the southwest and part of the central region. From 1985 to 2020, the primary and secondary cultivated land will be concentrated in the east and near Shuanglu Township. In this study, remote sensing technology was introduced into cultivated land quality evaluation, and the spatio-temporal variation characteristics were reasonably revealed, which pointed out the direction for the improvement of cultivated land quality in the region in the future, and had positive significance for the further sustainable utilization and management of black land in the future.