Abstract: Heilongjiang Province is the largest rice（Oryza sativa Geng Group） producing area in China, and the yield of japonica rice ranks first in the country. Nowadays, the negative externalities of rice industry superimpose many existing and new problems, resulting in increased downward pressure on rice planting efficiency. This paper summarized the basic situation of rice planting and processing industry in Heilongjiang Province in terms of industrial output, price change, variety planting area, etc; Analysed the cost and benefit, industrial structure and the external environment and so on the various factors affecting the development of rice industry; Some countermeasures were put forward to solve the present problems, such as combining supply with demand, increasing yield, saving capital and increasing efficiency, extending industry and green planting. In order to provide theoretical support for the development of Heilongjiang Province rice industry.