Abstract: In order to understand the composition and distribution of powdery mildew resistance genes in Russian spring wheat, 251 spring wheat cultivars introduced from Russia were detected and analyzed by using the markers Pm2, Pm3b, Pm4, Pm8, Pm13 and Pm21. The results showed that 5 powdery mildew resistance genes are distributed in 251 wheat varieties, and the distribution frequencies of Pm2 and Pm3 were 90.44%. The second gene was Pm13（57.77%）, then the disease resistance gene Pm4（10.36%）, and the lowest gene was Pm8（5.58%）. The disease resistance gene Pm21 was not distributed in Russian spring wheat, and 6 materials were not detected to contain the above gene markers. There were 15 powdery mildew resistance gene combinations among 251 spring wheat varieties. Among 116 wheat varieties, Pm2/Pm3/Pm13 had the highest proportion（46.22%）. The proportions of the other 14 types were as follows: Pm2/Pm3 type accounted for 23.90%; Pm2/Pm3/Pm4 accounted for 4.78%; The proportion of Pm2/Pm3/Pm4/Pm13 was 4.38%; Pm2 type accounted for 3.58%; Pm3 and Pm2/Pm13 accounted for 2.79%. Pm3/Pm13 and Pm2/Pm3/Pm8 accounted for 2.39%. The proportion of Pm2/Pm3/Pm4/Pm8 and Pm2/Pm3/Pm8/Pm13 was 1.20%. Pm13 types accounted for 0.8%; The proportions of Pm2/Pm8, Pm3/Pm4/Pm13 and Pm3/Pm8/Pm13 were all 0.40%. This study clarified the composition and distribution frequency of powdery mildew resistance genes in Russian spring wheat, providing theoretical guidance for wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.