Abstract: In order to more systematically and comprehensively understand the distribution of wild fruit forest germplasm resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains, and better protect and use the wild fruit forest resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains. Therefore, with the natural distribution of wild fruit forest scenic spots and population counties distributed in the administrative regions of each county as the boundary, the literature survey and field survey will be carried out in Huocheng County, Gongliu County, Tekesi County, Yining County and Xinyuan County in Ili River Valley to establish a list of wild fruit forest resources in Ili River Valley Counties. The results showed that a total of 408 species belonging to 88 families and 245 genera were found in the wild fruit forest in the Western Tianshan Mountains. A total of 121 species belonging to 23 families and 40 genera were found in the study of woody plants. The main families were Rosaceae, Cupressaceae, Tamaricaceae and Caprifoliaceae. It was reported that wild fruit forest had been in the state of self-growth, but it was constantly destroyed by human and livestock, which led to the decrease of wild fruit forest germplasm resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains. Therefore, on the basis of field investigation and literature retrieval, the plant resources were analyzed and the protection strategies were put forward.