Abstract: In order to explore the genetic variation and correlation of the main agronomic characters of soybean varieties（lines）with nematode resistance and their effects on the principal components in the western saline alkali semi-arid area of Heilongjiang Province,and improve the breeding efficiency of new soybean varieties.In this paper,the variation,correlation and principal component analysis of 11 main agronomic traits of 10 soybean varieties（lines）with nematode resistance from 2018 to 2019 were carried out.Comprehensive two-year data analysis results showed that the genetic diversity of 11 main agronomic traits was rich,the largest coefficient of variation was lodging level,the coefficient of variation was 82.62%（2018）and 76.20%（2019）,the smaller coefficient of variation was growth period,the coefficient of variation was 1.58（2018）and 1.50（2019）;correlation analysis showed that yield had significant correlation with pod number per plant and grain number per plant,but had no significant correlation with node number and grain weight per plant.The results of principal component analysis showed that the 11 main agronomic traits of soybean were simplified into four comprehensive indexes,and their cumulative contribution rates were 86.802%（2018）and 85.254%（2019）,which could reflect the basic characteristics of the 11 main agronomic traits of soybean,in which pod number per plant and seed weight per plant factor load were the highest,and they made the largest contribution to soybean yield.In conclusion,the selection of pod number per plant should be paid attention when breeding soybean varieties（lines）in the western saline alkali semi-arid area of Heilongjiang Province,and the mutual influence and restriction of seed number per plant,seed weight per plant,plant height,SCN index and lodging level should be coordinated.