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中国和欧洲大豆种质主要农艺性状比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits Between Chinese and European Soybean Germplasm

  • 摘要: 大豆种质资源的引进、鉴定及利用对育种创新及品种的遗传改良具有重要的意义。为了明确中国和欧洲大豆之间主要农艺性状的差异及欧洲种质资源在北安的表现,丰富我国大豆种质资源,本试验以158份中国和欧洲大豆种质为材料,采用随机区组的试验方法,对中国和欧洲大豆主要农艺性状进行了精准鉴定。结果表明:121份中国和欧洲大豆种质在北安均能正常成熟,其中中国种质63份,欧洲种质58份,MG00组是北安最适宜的熟期组。欧洲种质以紫花、圆叶、无限结荚习性为主,粒形、脐色丰富。欧洲种质株高、节间长度、有效分枝数、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总和大于中国种质;中国种质底荚高度、主茎节数、单株荚数、百粒重大于欧洲种质。中国和欧洲大豆种质资源产量差异显著,但较对照品种克山1号增产的种质间产量差异不显著。

     

    Abstract: The introduction, identification and utilization of soybean germplasm resources play a major role in breeding and genetic improvement of varieties.In order to identify the differences of the main agronomic traits between Chinese and European germplasm and understand the performance of European germplasm resources in Bei′an for enriching Chinese soybean germplasm resources for innovative breeding, phenotype of main agronomic traits of 158 soybean germplasm resources from China and Europe were evaluated by randomized group design.The result showed that 121 germplasm resources could normally mature at Bei′an, including 63 Chinese germplasms and 58 European germplasms.The suitable maturity group was MG00.Meanwhile, we found that European germplasms had the characteristics of purple flowers, round leaves and infinite pod habits, rich in seed shape and hilum color.The plant height, internode length, number of effective branches, protein content, oil content and the total protein content and oil content of European germplasms were greater than those of Chinese germplasms.The bottom pod height, number of nodes on main stem, pods per plant and 100-seed weight of Chinese germplasms were larger than those of European germplasms.There were significant differences in the yield between Chinese and European germplasm resources, but there was no significant among the yield increased germplasm resources compared with Keshan 1.

     

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